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Apache Cassandra™ 2.0
(Not supported)
About Apache Cassandra
What's new in Cassandra
CQL
Understanding the architecture
Architecture in brief
Internode communications (gossip)
Failure detection and recovery
Data distribution and replication
Consistent hashing
Virtual nodes
Data replication
Partitioners
Murmur3Partitioner
RandomPartitioner
ByteOrderedPartitioner
Snitches
Dynamic snitching
SimpleSnitch
RackInferringSnitch
PropertyFileSnitch
GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
Ec2Snitch
Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
GoogleCloudSnitch
CloudstackSnitch
Client requests
Planning a cluster deployment
Selecting hardware for enterprise implementations
Planning an Amazon EC2 cluster
Calculating usable disk capacity
Calculating user data size
Anti-patterns in Cassandra
Installing
Installing the RHEL-based packages
Installing the Debian and Ubuntu packages
Installing from the binary tarball
Installing prior releases of
DataStax Community
Uninstalling
DataStax Community
Installing on cloud providers
Installing a Cassandra cluster on Amazon EC2
Clearing the data for an AMI restart
Installing and deploying a Cassandra cluster using GoGrid
Installing the Oracle JDK and the JNA
Installing Oracle JDK on RHEL-based Systems
Installing the JDK on Debian-based systems
Installing the JNA on RHEL or CentOS Systems
Installing the JNA on Debian or Ubuntu Systems
Installing the JNA from the JAR file
Recommended production settings
Initializing a cluster
Initializing a multiple node cluster (single data center)
Initializing a multiple node cluster (multiple data centers)
Security
Securing Cassandra
SSL encryption
Client-to-node encryption
Node-to-node encryption
Using cqlsh with SSL encryption
Preparing server certificates
Internal authentication
Internal authentication
Configuring authentication
Logging in using cqlsh
Internal authorization
Object permissions
Configuring internal authorization
Configuring firewall port access
Enabling JMX authentication
Database internals
Managing data
Separate table directories
Cassandra storage basics
The write path to compaction
How Cassandra stores indexes
About index updates
The write path of an update
About deletes
About hinted handoff writes
About reads
How off-heap components affect reads
Reading from a partition
How write patterns affect reads
How the row cache affects reads
About transactions and concurrency control
Lightweight transactions
Atomicity
Consistency
Isolation
Durability
About data consistency
Configuring data consistency
Read requests
Write requests
Configuration
Node and cluster configuration
Configuring gossip settings
Configuring the heap dump directory
Generating tokens
Configuring virtual nodes
Enabling virtual nodes on a new cluster
Enabling virtual nodes on an existing production cluster
Logging configuration
Logging levels
Changing the rotation and size of the Cassandra output.log
Changing the rotation and size of the Cassandra system.log
Commit log archive configuration
Using multiple network interfaces
Hadoop support
Operations
Monitoring Cassandra
Monitoring a Cassandra cluster
Tuning Bloom filters
Data caching
Configuring data caches
Monitoring and adjusting caching
Configuring memtable throughput
Configuring compaction
Compression
When to compress data
Configuring compression
Testing compaction and compression
Tuning Java resources
Purging gossip state on a node
Repairing nodes
Adding or removing nodes, data centers, or clusters
Adding nodes to an existing cluster
Adding a data center to a cluster
Replacing a dead node
Replacing a dead seed node
Replacing a running node
Moving a node from one rack to another
Decommissioning a data center
Removing a node
Switching snitches
Edge cases for transitioning or migrating a cluster
Adding or replacing single-token nodes
Backing up and restoring data
Taking a snapshot
Deleting snapshot files
Enabling incremental backups
Restoring from a Snapshot
Node restart method
Restoring a snapshot into a new cluster
Recovering from a single disk failure using JBOD
Cassandra tools
The nodetool utility
cfhistograms
cfstats
cleanup
clearsnapshot
compact
compactionhistory
compactionstats
decommission
describering
disableautocompaction
disablebackup
disablebinary
disablegossip
disablehandoff
disablethrift
drain
enableautocompaction
enablebackup
enablebinary
enablegossip
enablehandoff
enablethrift
flush
getcompactionthreshold
getendpoints
getsstables
getstreamthroughput
gossipinfo
info
invalidatekeycache
invalidaterowcache
join
move
netstats
pausehandoff
proxyhistograms
rangekeysample
rebuild
rebuild_index
refresh
removenode
repair
resetlocalschema
resumehandoff
ring
scrub
setcachecapacity
setcachekeystosave
setcompactionthreshold
setcompactionthroughput
sethintedhandoffthrottlekb
setstreamthroughput
settraceprobability
snapshot
status
statusbinary
statusthrift
stop
stopdaemon
taketoken
tpstats
truncatehints
upgradesstables
version
Cassandra bulk loader (sstableloader)
The sstablelevelreset utility
The cassandra utility
The cassandra-stress tool
Options for cassandra-stress
Using the Daemon Mode
Interpreting the output of cassandra-stress
The sstablescrub utility
The sstablesplit utility
sstablekeys
The sstableupgrade tool
References
Starting and stopping Cassandra
Starting Cassandra as a service
Starting Cassandra as a stand-alone process
Stopping Cassandra as a service
Stopping Cassandra as a stand-alone process
Clearing the data as a service
Clearing the data as a stand-alone process
Install locations
Tarball installation directories
Package installation directories
Cassandra-CLI utility (deprecated)
Table attributes
Moving data to/from other databases
Troubleshooting
Peculiar Linux kernel performance problem on NUMA systems
Reads are getting slower while writes are still fast
Nodes seem to freeze after some period of time
Nodes are dying with OOM errors
Nodetool or JMX connections failing on remote nodes
View of ring differs between some nodes
Java reports an error saying there are too many open files
Insufficient user resource limits errors
Cannot initialize class org.xerial.snappy.Snappy
Firewall idle connection timeout causing nodes to lose communication
Release notes
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Installing
Installing the Oracle JDK and the JNA
Installing the Oracle JDK and the JNA
Instructions for various platforms.
Installing Oracle JDK on RHEL-based Systems
You must configure your operating system to use the Oracle JDK 7 or 8, or OpenJDK 7.
Installing Oracle JDK on Debian or Ubuntu Systems
Steps for installing the Oracle JDK on Debian-based systems.
Installing the JNA on RHEL or CentOS Systems
Installing JNA can improve Cassandra memory usage.
Installing the JNA on Debian or Ubuntu Systems
Installing JNA can improve Cassandra memory usage.
Installing the JNA from the JAR file
Installing JNA can improve Cassandra memory usage.
Installing
Installing the RHEL-based packages
Installing the Debian and Ubuntu packages
Installing from the binary tarball
Installing prior releases of DataStax Community
Uninstalling DataStax Community
Installing on cloud providers
Installing the Oracle JDK and the JNA
Installing Oracle JDK on RHEL-based Systems
Installing the JDK on Debian-based systems
Installing the JNA on RHEL or CentOS Systems
Installing the JNA on Debian or Ubuntu Systems
Installing the JNA from the JAR file
Recommended production settings
