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Apache Cassandra™ 2.2
(Not supported)
About Apache Cassandra
What's new in Cassandra 2.2
Understanding the architecture
Architecture in brief
Internode communications (gossip)
Failure detection and recovery
Data distribution and replication
Consistent hashing
Virtual nodes
Data replication
Partitioners
Murmur3Partitioner
RandomPartitioner
ByteOrderedPartitioner
Snitches
Dynamic snitching
SimpleSnitch
RackInferringSnitch
PropertyFileSnitch
GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
Ec2Snitch
Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
GoogleCloudSnitch
CloudstackSnitch
Database internals
Storage engine
How Cassandra reads and writes data
How is data written?
How is data maintained?
How is data updated?
How is data deleted?
How are indexes stored and updated?
How is data read?
How do write patterns affect reads?
Data consistency
How are consistent read and write operations handled?
How are Cassandra transactions different from RDBMS transactions?
How do I accomplish lightweight transactions with linearizable consistency?
How do I discover consistency level performance?
How is the consistency level configured?
How is the serial consistency level configured?
How are read requests accomplished?
How are write requests accomplished?
Planning a cluster deployment
Selecting hardware for enterprise implementations
Planning an Amazon EC2 cluster
Calculating partition size
Calculating usable disk capacity
Calculating user data size
Anti-patterns in Cassandra
Installing
Installing the RHEL-based packages
Installing the Debian and Ubuntu packages
Installing from the binary tarball
Installing prior releases of
DataStax Community
Uninstalling
DataStax Community
from Linux
Installing on cloud providers
Installing the Oracle JDK
Installing Oracle JDK on RHEL-based Systems
Installing the JDKon Debian-based systems
Recommended production settings
for Linux
Install locations
Tarball installation directories
Package installation directories
Configuration
cassandra.yaml configuration file
Cassandra include file
Security
Securing Cassandra
SSL encryption
Internal authentication
Internal authorization
Configuring firewall port access
Enabling JMX authentication
Configuring gossip settings
Configuring the heap dump directory
Configuring virtual nodes
Enabling virtual nodes on a new cluster
Enabling virtual nodes on an existing production cluster
Using multiple network interfaces
Configuring logging
Commit log archive configuration
Generating tokens
Hadoop support
Initializing a cluster
Initializing a multiple node cluster (single data center)
Initializing a multiple node cluster (multiple data centers)
Starting and stopping Cassandra
Starting Cassandra as a service
Starting Cassandra as a stand-alone process
Stopping Cassandra as a service
Stopping Cassandra as a stand-alone process
Clearing the data as a service
Clearing the data as a stand-alone process
Clearing the data for an AMI restart
Operations
Adding or removing nodes, data centers, or clusters
Adding nodes to an existing cluster
Adding a data center to a cluster
Replacing a dead node or dead seed node
Replacing a running node
Moving a node from one rack to another
Decommissioning a data center
Removing a node
Switching snitches
Changing keyspace strategy
Edge cases for transitioning or migrating a cluster
Adding or replacing single-token nodes
Backing up and restoring data
About snapshots
Taking a snapshot
Deleting snapshot files
Enabling incremental backups
Restoring from a snapshot
Restoring a snapshot into a new cluster
Recovering from a single disk failure using JBOD
Repairing nodes
Hinted Handoff: repair during write path
Read Repair: repair during read path
Manual repair: Anti-entropy repair
Migrating to incremental repairs
Monitoring Cassandra
Monitoring a Cassandra cluster
Tuning Java resources
Data caching
Configuring data caches
Monitoring and adjusting caching
Configuring memtable throughput
Configuring compaction
Compression
When to compress data
Configuring compression
Testing compaction and compression
Tuning Bloom filters
Moving data to or from other databases
Purging gossip state on a node
Cassandra tools
The nodetool utility
assassinate
bootstrap
cleanup
clearsnapshot
compact
compactionhistory
compactionstats
decommission
describecluster
describering
disableautocompaction
disablebackup
disablebinary
disablegossip
disablehandoff
disablethrift
drain
enableautocompaction
enablebackup
enablebinary
enablegossip
enablehandoff
enablethrift
flush
gcstats
getcompactionthreshold
getcompactionthroughput
getendpoints
getlogginglevels
getsstables
getstreamthroughput
gettraceprobability
gossipinfo
help
info
invalidatecountercache
invalidatekeycache
invalidaterowcache
join
listsnapshots
move
netstats
pausehandoff
proxyhistograms
rangekeysample
rebuild
rebuild_index
refresh
reloadtriggers
removenode
repair
resetlocalschema
resumehandoff
ring
scrub
setcachecapacity
setcachekeystosave
setcompactionthreshold
setcompactionthroughput
sethintedhandoffthrottlekb
setlogginglevel
setstreamthroughput
settraceprobability
snapshot
status
statusbackup
statusbinary
statusgossip
statushandoff
statusthrift
stop
stopdaemon
tablehistograms
tablestats
toppartitions
tpstats
truncatehints
upgradesstables
verify
version
The cassandra utility
The cassandra-stress tool
Using the Daemon Mode
Interpreting the output of cassandra-stress
SSTable utilities
sstableexpiredblockers
sstablekeys
sstablelevelreset
sstableloader (Cassandra bulk loader)
sstablemetadata
sstableofflinerelevel
sstablerepairedset
sstablescrub
sstablesplit
sstableupgrade
sstableverify
sstable2json
json2sstable
Troubleshooting
Peculiar Linux kernel performance problem on NUMA systems
Nodes appear unresponsive due to a Linux futex_wait() kernel bug
Reads are getting slower while writes are still fast
Nodes seem to freeze after some period of time
Nodes are dying with OOM errors
Nodetool or JMX connections failing on remote nodes
Handling schema disagreements
View of ring differs between some nodes
Java reports an error saying there are too many open files
Insufficient user resource limits errors
Cannot initialize class org.xerial.snappy.Snappy
Lost communication due to firewall timeouts
Release notes
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Operations
Operations
Cassandra operation topics.
Adding or removing nodes, data centers, or clusters
Topics for adding or removing nodes, data centers, or clusters.
Backing up and restoring data
Cassandra backs up data by taking a snapshot of all on-disk data files (SSTable files) stored in the data directory.
Repairing nodes
Node repair topics.
Monitoring Cassandra
Monitoring topics.
Tuning Java resources
Tuning the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) can improve performance or reduce high memory consumption.
Data caching
Data caching topics.
Configuring memtable throughput
Configuring memtable throughput to improve write performance.
Configuring compaction
Steps for configuring compaction. The compaction process merges keys, combines columns, evicts tombstones, consolidates SSTables, and creates a new index in the merged SSTable.
Compression
Compression maximizes the storage capacity of Cassandra nodes by reducing the volume of data on disk and disk I/O, particularly for read-dominated workloads.
Testing compaction and compression
Enabling write survey mode.
Tuning Bloom filters
Cassandra uses Bloom filters to determine whether an SSTable has data for a particular row.
Moving data to or from other databases
Solutions for migrating from other databases.
Purging gossip state on a node
Correcting a problem in the gossip state.
Operations
Adding or removing nodes, data centers, or clusters
Backing up and restoring data
Repairing nodes
Monitoring Cassandra
Tuning Java resources
Data caching
Configuring memtable throughput
Configuring compaction
Compression
Testing compaction and compression
Tuning Bloom filters
Moving data to or from other databases
Purging gossip state on a node
