CQL quick reference

A consolidated syntax list of Cassandra Query Language (CQL) commands for quick reference.

ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  [ ADD ( <column_definition> | <column_definition_list> ) [ , ... ] ]
  [ DROP <column_name> [ , ... ] ]
  [ [ RENAME <column_name> TO <column_name> ] |
    [ RENAME ( VERTEX LABEL | EDGE LABEL ) TO <new_name> ] ]
  [ WITH <table_properties> [ , ... ] ]
  [ WITH ( VERTEX LABEL | EDGE LABEL ) <current_name> ]
  [ WITHOUT ( VERTEX LABEL | EDGE LABEL ) <current_name> ];
ALTER TYPE
ALTER TYPE <field_name>
  ( ADD <field_name> <cql_datatype>
  | RENAME <field_name> TO <<<new_field_name> [ AND <field_name> TO <new_field_name> ...] ) ;
BATCH
BEGIN [ ( UNLOGGED | LOGGED ) ] BATCH
  [ USING TIMESTAMP [ <epoch_microseconds> ] ]
  <dml_statement> [ USING TIMESTAMP [ <epoch_microseconds> ] ] ;
  [ <dml_statement> [ USING TIMESTAMP [ <epoch_microseconds> ] ] [ ; ... ] ] ;
  APPLY BATCH ;
CREATE INDEX
CREATE [CUSTOM] INDEX [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [ <index_name> ]
  ON [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  ([ KEYS | VALUES | ENTRIES | FULL] <column_name>)
    USING <index_type>
  [ WITH OPTIONS = { <option_map> } ] ;
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  ( <column_definition> [ , ... ] | [ PRIMARY KEY (partition_key_column_name, clustering_column_name) ] )
  [ AND <table_options> ]
  [ CLUSTERING ORDER BY [ <clustering_column_name> [ ASC | DESC ] ][ , ... ] ] (1)
  [ AND ( VERTEX LABEL <vl_name> | EDGE LABEL ) <el_name> FROM <vl_name> TO <vl_name>]
  [ [ AND ] ID = '<table_hash_tag>' ] ] ; (2)
1 The CLUSTERING ORDER BY clause is optional. If not specified, the default is ASC.
2 The ID clause is not configurable for Astra DB, and it is ignored if specified.
CREATE TYPE
CREATE TYPE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [<keyspace_name>].<type_name>
  (<field_name> <cql_datatype> [ , <field_name> <cql_datatype> ... ]) ;
DELETE
DELETE [ <column_name> [ <term> ] [ , ... ] ]
  FROM [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  [ USING TIMESTAMP <timestamp_value> ]
  WHERE <PK_column_conditions>
  [ ( IF EXISTS | IF <static_column_conditions> ) ] ;
DROP INDEX
DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] [<keyspace_name>.]<index_name> ;
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name> ;
DROP TYPE
DROP TYPE [ IF EXISTS ] [<keyspace_name>.]<type_name> ;
INSERT
INSERT [ JSON ] INTO [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  [ <column_list> VALUES <column_values> ]
  [ IF NOT EXISTS ]
  [ USING [ TTL <seconds> ] [ [ AND ] TIMESTAMP <epoch_in_microseconds> ] ] ;
SELECT
SELECT [ JSON | DISTINCT ] <selectors>
  FROM [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  [ WHERE [ <primary_key_conditions> | <non_primary_key_conditions> IN (<column_name> [, ...]) ALLOW FILTERING ] [ AND ] [ <index_conditions> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_name> [ , ... ] ]
  [ ORDER BY <column_name> ( ASC | DESC ) [ , ... ] ] |
  [ ORDER BY <vector_column_name> ANN OF [n,n,n,...] [ LIMIT N ] ]
  [ ( LIMIT <N> [ OFFSET <N> ]  | PER PARTITION LIMIT <N> ) ]
  [ ALLOW FILTERING ] ;
TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name> ;
UPDATE
UPDATE [<keyspace_name>.]<table_name>
  [ USING TTL <time_value> ]
  [ [ AND ] USING TIMESTAMP <timestamp_value> ]
  SET <assignment> [ , <assignment> ... ]
  WHERE <row_specification>
  [ IF EXISTS | IF <condition> [ AND <condition> ] ] ;
USE
USE <keyspace_name> ;

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