# Copyright 2013-2015 DataStax, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
These functions are used to convert Python objects into CQL strings.
When non-prepared statements are executed, these encoder functions are
called on each query parameter.
"""
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
from binascii import hexlify
import calendar
import datetime
import math
import sys
import types
from uuid import UUID
import six
from cassandra.util import (OrderedDict, OrderedMap, OrderedMapSerializedKey,
sortedset, Time, Date)
if six.PY3:
long = int
def cql_quote(term):
# The ordering of this method is important for the result of this method to
# be a native str type (for both Python 2 and 3)
# Handle quoting of native str and bool types
if isinstance(term, (str, bool)):
return "'%s'" % str(term).replace("'", "''")
# This branch of the if statement will only be used by Python 2 to catch
# unicode strings, text_type is used to prevent type errors with Python 3.
elif isinstance(term, six.text_type):
return "'%s'" % term.encode('utf8').replace("'", "''")
else:
return str(term)
[docs]class ValueSequence(list):
pass
[docs]class Encoder(object):
"""
A container for mapping python types to CQL string literals when working
with non-prepared statements. The type :attr:`~.Encoder.mapping` can be
directly customized by users.
"""
mapping = None
"""
A map of python types to encoder functions.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.mapping = {
float: self.cql_encode_float,
bytearray: self.cql_encode_bytes,
str: self.cql_encode_str,
int: self.cql_encode_object,
UUID: self.cql_encode_object,
datetime.datetime: self.cql_encode_datetime,
datetime.date: self.cql_encode_date,
datetime.time: self.cql_encode_time,
Date: self.cql_encode_date_ext,
Time: self.cql_encode_time,
dict: self.cql_encode_map_collection,
OrderedDict: self.cql_encode_map_collection,
OrderedMap: self.cql_encode_map_collection,
OrderedMapSerializedKey: self.cql_encode_map_collection,
list: self.cql_encode_list_collection,
tuple: self.cql_encode_list_collection,
set: self.cql_encode_set_collection,
sortedset: self.cql_encode_set_collection,
frozenset: self.cql_encode_set_collection,
types.GeneratorType: self.cql_encode_list_collection,
ValueSequence: self.cql_encode_sequence
}
if six.PY2:
self.mapping.update({
unicode: self.cql_encode_unicode,
buffer: self.cql_encode_bytes,
long: self.cql_encode_object,
types.NoneType: self.cql_encode_none,
})
else:
self.mapping.update({
memoryview: self.cql_encode_bytes,
bytes: self.cql_encode_bytes,
type(None): self.cql_encode_none,
})
[docs] def cql_encode_none(self, val):
"""
Converts :const:`None` to the string 'NULL'.
"""
return 'NULL'
[docs] def cql_encode_unicode(self, val):
"""
Converts :class:`unicode` objects to UTF-8 encoded strings with quote escaping.
"""
return cql_quote(val.encode('utf-8'))
[docs] def cql_encode_str(self, val):
"""
Escapes quotes in :class:`str` objects.
"""
return cql_quote(val)
if six.PY3:
def cql_encode_bytes(self, val):
return (b'0x' + hexlify(val)).decode('utf-8')
elif sys.version_info >= (2, 7):
def cql_encode_bytes(self, val): # noqa
return b'0x' + hexlify(val)
else:
# python 2.6 requires string or read-only buffer for hexlify
[docs] def cql_encode_bytes(self, val): # noqa
return b'0x' + hexlify(buffer(val))
[docs] def cql_encode_object(self, val):
"""
Default encoder for all objects that do not have a specific encoder function
registered. This function simply calls :meth:`str()` on the object.
"""
return str(val)
def cql_encode_float(self, val):
"""
Encode floats using repr to preserve precision
"""
if math.isinf(val):
return 'Infinity' if val > 0 else '-Infinity'
elif math.isnan(val):
return 'NaN'
else:
return repr(val)
[docs] def cql_encode_datetime(self, val):
"""
Converts a :class:`datetime.datetime` object to a (string) integer timestamp
with millisecond precision.
"""
timestamp = calendar.timegm(val.utctimetuple())
return str(long(timestamp * 1e3 + getattr(val, 'microsecond', 0) / 1e3))
[docs] def cql_encode_date(self, val):
"""
Converts a :class:`datetime.date` object to a string with format
``YYYY-MM-DD``.
"""
return "'%s'" % val.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
def cql_encode_time(self, val):
"""
Converts a :class:`cassandra.util.Time` object to a string with format
``HH:MM:SS.mmmuuunnn``.
"""
return "'%s'" % val
def cql_encode_date_ext(self, val):
"""
Encodes a :class:`cassandra.util.Date` object as an integer
"""
# using the int form in case the Date exceeds datetime.[MIN|MAX]YEAR
return str(val.days_from_epoch + 2 ** 31)
[docs] def cql_encode_sequence(self, val):
"""
Converts a sequence to a string of the form ``(item1, item2, ...)``. This
is suitable for ``IN`` value lists.
"""
return '(%s)' % ', '.join(self.mapping.get(type(v), self.cql_encode_object)(v)
for v in val)
cql_encode_tuple = cql_encode_sequence
"""
Converts a sequence to a string of the form ``(item1, item2, ...)``. This
is suitable for ``tuple`` type columns.
"""
[docs] def cql_encode_map_collection(self, val):
"""
Converts a dict into a string of the form ``{key1: val1, key2: val2, ...}``.
This is suitable for ``map`` type columns.
"""
return '{%s}' % ', '.join('%s: %s' % (
self.mapping.get(type(k), self.cql_encode_object)(k),
self.mapping.get(type(v), self.cql_encode_object)(v)
) for k, v in six.iteritems(val))
[docs] def cql_encode_list_collection(self, val):
"""
Converts a sequence to a string of the form ``[item1, item2, ...]``. This
is suitable for ``list`` type columns.
"""
return '[%s]' % ', '.join(self.mapping.get(type(v), self.cql_encode_object)(v) for v in val)
[docs] def cql_encode_set_collection(self, val):
"""
Converts a sequence to a string of the form ``{item1, item2, ...}``. This
is suitable for ``set`` type columns.
"""
return '{%s}' % ', '.join(self.mapping.get(type(v), self.cql_encode_object)(v) for v in val)
[docs] def cql_encode_all_types(self, val):
"""
Converts any type into a CQL string, defaulting to ``cql_encode_object``
if :attr:`~Encoder.mapping` does not contain an entry for the type.
"""
return self.mapping.get(type(val), self.cql_encode_object)(val)