Preparing server certificates for development

Steps to generate SSL certificates for client-to-node encryption or node-to-node encryption in a development environment.

To use SSL encryption for client-to-node encryption or node-to-node encryption, SSL certificates must be generated using keytool. If you generate the certificates for one type of encryption, you do not need to generate them again for the other; the same certificates are used for both. All nodes must have all the relevant SSL certificates on all nodes. A keystore contains private keys. The truststore contains SSL certificates for each node. The certificates in the truststore don't require signing by a trusted and recognized public certification authority.

Procedure

Generate a private and public key pair on each node of the cluster. Use an alias that identifies the node. Prompts for the keystore password, dname (first and last name, organizational unit, organization, city, state, country), and key password. The dname should be generated with the CN value as the IP address or FQDN for the node.
```
 keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias node0 -validity 36500 -keystore keystore.node0
```
Note: In this example, the value for --validity gives this key pair a validity period of 100 years. The default validity value for a key pair is 90 days.
The generation command can also include all prompted-for information in the command line. This example uses an alias of node0, a keystore name of keystore.node0, uses the same password of cassandra for both the keystore and the key, and a dname that identifies the IP address of node0 as 172.31.10.22.
```
 keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias node0 -keystore keystore.node0 -storepass cassandra -keypass cassandra -dname "CN=172.31.10.22, OU=None, O=None, L=None, C=None"
```

Export the public part of the certificate to a separate file.

 keytool -export -alias cassandra -file node0.cer -keystore .keystore

Add the node0.cer certificate to the node0 truststore of the node using the keytool -import command.
```
 keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -alias node0 -file node0.cer -keystore truststore.node0
```
cqlsh does not work with the certificate in the format generated. openssl is used to generate a PEM file of the certificate with no keys, node0.cer.pem, and a PEM file of the key with no certificate, node0.key.pem. First, the keystore is imported in PKCS12 format to a destination keystore, node0.p12, in the example. This is followed by the two commands that extract the two PEM files.
```
 keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore keystore.node0 -destkeystore node0.p12 -deststoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass cassandra -deststorepass cassandra
openssl pkcs12 -in node0.p12 -nokeys -out node0.cer.pem -passin pass:cassandra
openssl pkcs12 -in node0.p12 -nodes -nocerts -out node0.key.pem -passin pass:cassandra
```
For client-to-remote-node encryption or node-to-node encryption, use a copying tool such as scp to copy the node0.cer file to each node. Import the file into the truststore after copying to each node. The example imports the certificate for node0 into the truststore for node1.
```
 keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -alias node0 -file node0.cer -keystore truststore.node1
```
Make sure keystore file is readable only to the Cassandra daemon and not by any user of the system.
Check that the certificates exist in the keystore and truststore files using keytool -list. The example shows checking for the node1 certificate in the keystore file and for the node0 and node1 certificates in the truststore file.
```
 keytool -list -keystore keystore.node1
keytool -list -keystore truststore.node1
```

Import the user's certificate into every node's truststore using keytool:

$  keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -alias <username> -file <certificate file> -keystore .truststore