Datacenter-aware Round Robin Policy

A specialized Round Robin load balancing policy allows for querying remote datacenters only when all local nodes are down. This policy will round robin requests across hosts in the local datacenter, falling back to remote datacenter if necessary. The name of the local datacenter must be supplied by the user.

All known remote hosts will be tried when local nodes are not available. However, you can configure the exact number of remote hosts that will be used by passing that number when constructing a policy instance.

By default, this policy will not attempt to use remote hosts for local consistencies (:local_one or :local_quorum), however, it is possible to change that behavior via constructor.

Background

Given

a running cassandra cluster in 2 datacenters with 2 nodes in each

And

the following schema:

CREATE KEYSPACE simplex WITH replication = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': 3};
USE simplex;
CREATE TABLE songs (
  id uuid PRIMARY KEY,
  title text,
  album text,
  artist text,
  tags set<text>,
  data blob
);
INSERT INTO songs (id, title, album, artist, tags)
VALUES (
   756716f7-2e54-4715-9f00-91dcbea6cf50,
   'La Petite Tonkinoise',
   'Bye Bye Blackbird',
   'Joséphine Baker',
   {'jazz', '2013'})
;
INSERT INTO songs (id, title, album, artist, tags)
VALUES (
   f6071e72-48ec-4fcb-bf3e-379c8a696488,
   'Die Mösch',
   'In Gold',
   'Willi Ostermann',
   {'kölsch', '1996', 'birds'}
);
INSERT INTO songs (id, title, album, artist, tags)
VALUES (
   fbdf82ed-0063-4796-9c7c-a3d4f47b4b25,
   'Memo From Turner',
   'Performance',
   'Mick Jager',
   {'soundtrack', '1991'}
);

First seen datacenter is considered local when not explicitly given

Given

the following example:

require 'cassandra'

policy     = Cassandra::LoadBalancing::Policies::DCAwareRoundRobin.new
hosts      = ['127.0.0.3', '127.0.0.4']
cluster    = Cassandra.cluster(hosts: hosts, load_balancing_policy: policy)
session    = cluster.connect('simplex')

hosts_used = 4.times.map do
  info = session.execute("SELECT * FROM songs").execution_info
  info.hosts.last.ip
end.sort.uniq

puts hosts_used

When

it is executed

Then

its output should contain:

127.0.0.3
127.0.0.4

Requests are automatically routed to local datacenter

Given

the following example:

require 'cassandra'

datacenter = "dc2"
policy     = Cassandra::LoadBalancing::Policies::DCAwareRoundRobin.new(datacenter)
cluster    = Cassandra.cluster(load_balancing_policy: policy)
session    = cluster.connect('simplex')

hosts_used = 4.times.map do
  info = session.execute("SELECT * FROM songs").execution_info
  info.hosts.last.ip
end.sort.uniq

puts hosts_used

When

it is executed

Then

its output should contain:

127.0.0.3
127.0.0.4

Requests are routed to remote datacenters if local datacenter is down

Given

the following example:

require 'cassandra'

datacenter = "dc2"
policy     = Cassandra::LoadBalancing::Policies::DCAwareRoundRobin.new(datacenter)
cluster    = Cassandra.cluster(consistency: :one, load_balancing_policy: policy)
session    = cluster.connect('simplex')

hosts_used = 4.times.map do
  info = session.execute("SELECT * FROM songs").execution_info
  info.hosts.last.ip
end.sort.uniq

puts hosts_used

And

node 3 is stopped

And

node 4 is stopped

When

it is executed

Then

its output should contain:

127.0.0.1
127.0.0.2

Requests are routed up to a maximum number of hosts in remote datacenters

Given

the following example:

require 'cassandra'

datacenter     = "dc2"
remotes_to_try = 1
policy         = Cassandra::LoadBalancing::Policies::DCAwareRoundRobin.new(datacenter, remotes_to_try)
cluster        = Cassandra.cluster(consistency: :one, load_balancing_policy: policy)
session        = cluster.connect('simplex')

hosts_used = 4.times.map do
  info = session.execute("SELECT * FROM songs").execution_info
  info.hosts.last.ip
end.sort.uniq

puts "Used #{hosts_used.size} host, with ip #{hosts_used.first}"

And

node 3 is stopped

And

node 4 is stopped

When

it is executed

Then

its output should match:

Used 1 host, with ip 127\.0\.0\.(1|2)

Requests with local consistencies are not routed to remote datacenters

Given

the following example:

require 'cassandra'

datacenter = "dc2"
policy     = Cassandra::LoadBalancing::Policies::DCAwareRoundRobin.new(datacenter)
cluster    = Cassandra.cluster(consistency: :one, load_balancing_policy: policy)
session    = cluster.connect('simplex')

begin
  session.execute("SELECT * FROM songs", :consistency => :local_one)
  puts "failure"
rescue Cassandra::Errors::NoHostsAvailable
  puts "success"
end

And

node 3 is stopped

And

node 4 is stopped

When

it is executed

Then

its output should contain:

success

Routing requests with local consistencies to remote datacenters

Given

the following example:

require 'cassandra'

datacenter = "dc2"
use_remote = true
policy     = Cassandra::LoadBalancing::Policies::DCAwareRoundRobin.new(datacenter, nil, use_remote)
cluster    = Cassandra.cluster(consistency: :one, load_balancing_policy: policy)
session    = cluster.connect('simplex')

hosts_used = 4.times.map do
  info = session.execute("SELECT * FROM songs").execution_info
  info.hosts.last.ip
end.sort.uniq

puts hosts_used

And

node 3 is stopped

And

node 4 is stopped

When

it is executed

Then

its output should contain:

127.0.0.1
127.0.0.2