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DataStax Enterprise 6.8 Documentation

    • Overview
      • Release notes
        • DSE release notes
        • Cass Operator release notes
        • Studio release notes
        • Bulk loader release notes
        • Kafka Connector release notes
    • Architecture
      • Architecture FAQ
      • Database architecture
        • Architecture in brief
        • Internode communications (gossip)
        • Data distribution and replication
          • Data distribution to nodes
          • Consistent hashing
          • Virtual nodes
          • Data replication
          • Partitioners
          • Snitches
            • Dynamic snitching
            • Types of snitches
        • Node repair
          • NodeSync: Continuous background repair
          • Hinted handoff: repair during write path
          • Read Repair: repair during read path
          • Anti-entropy repair
      • Component architecture
        • DSE Analytics
        • DSE Search
        • DSE Graph
          • When to use DSE Graph
          • OLTP and OLAP
          • Comparing DSE Graph and relational databases
          • Migrating to DSE Graph from a relational database
          • Migrating to DSE Graph from Apache Cassandra
      • Database internals
        • Storage engine
        • About reads and writes
          • How is data written?
          • How is data maintained?
          • How is data updated?
          • How is data deleted?
          • What are tombstones?
          • How are indexes stored and updated?
          • How is data read?
          • How do write patterns affect reads?
        • Data consistency
          • Read and write consistency
          • Differences between DSE and RDBMS transactions
          • Using lightweight transactions
          • Consistency level performance
          • Consistency level configuration
          • Configuring serial consistency
          • Read requests
            • Read consistency levels examples
          • Write requests
            • Multiple datacenter write requests
    • Planning
      • Initializing a cluster
        • Initializing datacenters
          • Initializing a single datacenter per workload type
          • Initializing multiple datacenters per workload type
        • Setting seed nodes for a single datacenter
        • Use cases for listen address
      • Initializing single-token architecture datacenters
        • Calculating tokens for single-token architecture nodes
    • Getting started
    • Installing
      • Which install method should I use?
      • Install on a single node
      • Installing supporting software
      • Installing a cluster using Lifecycle Manager 6.8
      • Installing from the Yum package
      • RedHat systemd configuration
      • Installing from the Debian package
      • Install from the tarball on any Linux distribution
      • Installing patch releases
      • Installing on cloud providers
      • Installing on Docker
      • Uninstalling DSE
      • Default DSE file locations
        • Package installations
        • Tarball installations
      • Installing DSE 6.8 Tools
        • Installing CQLSH
        • Installing DataStax Studio 6.8
        • Installing DSE Graph Loader
        • Installing DataStax Bulk Loader
        • Installing DataStax Apache Kafka Connector
      • Installing DSE OpsCenter 6.8
        • Installing from the RPM package
        • Installing from the Debian package
        • Installing from the tarball on any Linux distribution
        • Installing on Docker
        • Uninstalling OpsCenter
        • Installing DataStax Agents 6.8
          • Installing DataStax Agents automatically
          • Installing DataStax Agents manually
            • From the RPM package
            • From the Debian package
            • From a tarball
          • Setting Agent permissions to run as the DSE user
          • Configuring JAVA_HOME
    • Managing
      • Configuration
        • Recommended production settings
        • YAML and configuration properties
          • cassandra.yaml
          • dse.yaml
          • remote.yaml
          • cassandra-rackdc.properties
          • cassandra-topology.properties
        • Cloud provider snitches
          • Amazon EC2 single-region snitch
          • Amazon EC2 multi-region snitch
          • Google Cloud Platform
          • Apache CloudStack snitch
        • JVM system properties
          • Cassandra
          • JMX
          • DSE Search
          • TPC
          • LDAP
          • Kerberos
          • NodeSync
          • DSE Metrics Collector
        • Choosing a compaction strategy
        • NodeSync service
          • About NodeSync
          • Starting and stopping the NodeSync service
          • Enabling NodeSync validation
          • Tuning NodeSync validations
            • Setting the NodeSync rate
            • Setting the NodeSync deadline
          • Manually starting NodeSync validation
        • Using multiple network interfaces
        • Configuring gossip settings
        • Configuring the heap dump directory
        • Configuring Virtual Nodes
          • Virtual node (vnode) configuration
          • Enabling virtual nodes on an existing production cluster
        • Logging configuration
          • Changing logging locations
          • Configuring logging
          • Commit log archive configuration
          • Change Data Capture (CDC) logging
      • Tools
        • DSE Metrics Collector
        • nodetool
          • Get information
            • clientstats
            • describecluster
            • describering
            • getbatchlogreplaythrottle
            • getcachecapacity
            • getcachekeystosave
            • getconcurrentviewbuilders
            • getendpoints
            • getinterdcstreamthroughput
            • getlogginglevels
            • getseeds
            • getsstables
            • getstreamthroughput
            • gettimeout
            • gettraceprobability
            • help
            • info
            • inmemorystatus
            • rangekeysample
            • ring
            • status
            • version
          • Collect metrics
            • gcstats
            • netstats
            • proxyhistograms
            • tablehistograms
            • tablestats
            • toppartitions
            • tpstats
          • Perform operations
            • assassinate
            • bootstrap resume
            • decommission
            • disablebinary
            • disablegossip
            • drain
            • enablebinary
            • enablegossip
            • gossipinfo
            • invalidatecountercache
            • invalidatekeycache
            • invalidaterowcache
            • import
            • join
            • move
            • refresh
            • reloadtriggers
            • relocatesstables
            • removenode
            • replaybatchlog
            • sequence
            • sjk
            • statusbinary
            • statusgossip
            • stopdaemon
            • upgradesstables
          • Adjust settings
            • reloadseeds
            • setbatchlogreplaythrottle
            • setcachecapacity
            • setcachekeystosave
            • setconcurrentviewbuilders
            • setinterdcstreamthroughput
            • setlogginglevel
            • setstreamthroughput
            • settimeout
            • settraceprobability
          • Diagnose issues
            • failuredetector
            • leaksdetection
          • Manage backup commands
            • clearsnapshot
            • disablebackup
            • enablebackup
            • listsnapshots
            • snapshot
            • statusbackup
          • Ensure data consistency
            • abortrebuild
            • cleanup
            • flush
            • mark_unrepaired
            • rebuild
            • rebuild_index
            • rebuild_view
            • resetlocalschema
            • repair
            • scrub
            • verify
          • Manage compaction
            • compact
            • compactionhistory
            • compactionstats
            • disableautocompaction
            • enableautocompaction
            • garbagecollect
            • getcompactionthreshold
            • getcompactionthroughput
            • getconcurrentcompactors
            • setcompactionthreshold
            • setcompactionthroughput
            • setconcurrentcompactors
            • stop
          • Manage NodeSync service
            • nodesyncservice enable
            • nodesyncservice disable
            • nodesyncservice getrate
            • nodesyncservice ratesimulator
            • nodesyncservice setrate
            • nodesyncservice status
          • Manage hints
            • disablehandoff
            • disablehintsfordc
            • enablehandoff
            • enablehintsfordc
            • gethintedhandoffthrottlekb
            • getmaxhintwindow
            • handoffwindow
            • listendpointspendinghints
            • pausehandoff
            • resumehandoff
            • sethintedhandoffthrottlekb
            • setmaxhintwindow
            • statushandoff
            • truncatehints
        • dse commands
          • dse connection options
          • Perform routine DSE operations
            • add-node
            • cassandra
            • cassandra-stop
            • list-nodes
            • remove-node
            • -v
          • Manage Spark
            • exec
            • pyspark
            • spark
            • spark-class
            • spark-jobserver
            • spark-history-server
            • spark-sql
            • spark-sql-thriftserver
            • spark-submit
            • SparkR
          • Connect to development consoles
            • beeline
            • fs
            • gremlin-console
          • Connect external client to DSE node
            • dse client-tool help
            • client-tool connection options
            • cassandra
            • configuration export
            • configuration byos-export
            • configuration import
            • spark
            • alwayson-sql
            • graph-olap
          • Modifies CQL nodesync
            • disable
            • enable
            • help
            • tracing
              • disable
              • enable
              • show
              • status
            • validation
      • dsefs shell commands
        • Get information
          • df
          • du
          • echo
          • ls
          • pwd
          • realpath
          • stat
        • Navigate DSEFS
          • cd
          • exit
        • Manage files
          • append
          • cat
          • cp
          • fsck
          • get
          • mkdir
          • mv
          • put
          • rename
          • rm
          • rmdir
          • truncate
          • umount
        • Manage permissions
          • chgrp
          • chmod
          • chown
      • dsetool
        • Connection options
        • Get information
          • help
          • inmemorystatus
          • list_subranges
          • listjt
          • node_health
          • partitioner
          • ring
          • status
          • tieredtablestats
        • Perform operations
          • infer_solr_schema
          • perf
          • sparkmaster cleanup
          • sparkworker restart
          • tsreload
        • Configure DSE Metrics Collector
          • insights_config
          • insights_filters
        • Manage security
          • createsystemkey
          • encryptconfigvalue
          • managekmip list
          • managekmip expirekey
          • managekmip revoke
          • managekmip destroy
        • Manage search index
          • core_indexing_status
          • create_core
          • get_core_config
          • get_core_schema
          • index_checks
          • list_index_files
          • list_core_properties
          • read_resource
          • rebuild_indexes
          • reload_core
          • set_core_property
          • stop_core_reindex
          • unload_core
          • upgrade_index_files
          • write_resource
      • SSTable tools
        • Get information
          • sstabledump
          • sstableexpiredblockers
          • sstablemetadata
          • sstablepartitions
          • sstableutil
        • Perform operations
          • sstabledowngrade
          • sstablelevelreset
          • sstableloader
          • sstableofflinerelevel
          • sstablesplit
          • sstableupgrade
        • Ensure data consistency
          • sstablerepairedset
          • sstablescrub
          • sstableverify
      • Preflight check tool
      • Compare yaml files
        • yaml_diff
        • cluster_check
      • Operations
        • Starting and stopping DSE
          • Starting as a service
          • Starting as a stand-alone process
          • Stopping a node
        • Adding or removing nodes, datacenters, or clusters
          • Adding nodes to vnode-enabled cluster
          • Adding a datacenter to a cluster using a designated datacenter as a data source
          • Replacing a dead node or dead seed node
          • Replacing a running node
            • Adding a node and then decommissioning the old node
            • Replacing a running node
          • Moving a node from one rack to another
          • Decommissioning a datacenter
          • Removing a node
          • Changing the IP address of a node
          • Switching snitches
          • Changing keyspace replication strategy
          • Migrating or renaming a cluster
          • Adding single-token nodes to a cluster
          • Adding a datacenter to a single-token architecture cluster
          • Replacing a dead node in a single-token architecture cluster
        • Backing up and restoring data using the DSE Backup and Restore Service
          • About the DSE Backup and Restore Service
          • Enabling and configuring the DSE Backup and Restore Service
          • Creating and managing backup stores
          • Creating and managing backup configurations
          • Managing backups
          • Restoring backups
          • Backup and Restore Service CQL command reference
            • ALTER BACKUP CONFIGURATION
            • ALTER BACKUP STORE
            • CANCEL BACKUP
            • CANCEL RESTORE
            • CLEAN BACKUPS
            • CREATE BACKUP CONFIGURATION
            • CREATE BACKUP STORE
            • DROP BACKUP CONFIGURATION
            • DROP BACKUP STORE
            • FORCE RESTORE
            • LIST BACKUP CONFIGURATIONS
            • LIST BACKUPS FROM KEYSPACE
            • LIST BACKUP STORES
            • RESTORE
            • RUN BACKUP
            • VERIFY BACKUP STORE
        • Backing up and restoring data using snapshots
          • About snapshots
          • Taking a snapshot
          • Deleting snapshot files
          • Enabling incremental snapshot backups
          • Restoring from a snapshot
          • Restoring a snapshot into a new cluster
          • Recovering from a single disk failure using JBOD
        • Repairing nodes
          • Manual repair: Anti-entropy repair
          • When to run anti-entropy repair
          • Changing repair strategies
            • Migrating to full repairs
            • Migrating to incremental repairs
        • Monitoring a DSE cluster
        • Tuning the database
          • Tuning Java Virtual Machine
            • Changing heap size parameters
            • Configuring the garbage collector
              • G1 MaxGCPauseMillis
              • CMS parameters
          • Tuning Bloom filters
          • Configuring memtable thresholds
        • Data caching
          • Configuring data caches
            • Enabling caching globally
            • Tips for efficient cache use
          • Monitoring and adjusting caching
        • Compacting and compressing
          • Configuring compaction
          • Compression
            • When to compress data
            • Configuring compression
          • Testing compaction and compression
        • Materialized views maintenance guidelines
        • Migrating data to DSE
        • Collecting node health and indexing scores
        • Clearing data from DSE
      • DSE Management Services
        • Performance Service
          • Performance Service
          • Configuring Performance Service replication strategy
          • Collecting data
            • Collecting slow queries
            • Collecting system level diagnostics
            • Collecting object I/O level diagnostics
            • Statistics gathered for objects
            • Collecting database summary diagnostics
            • Collecting cluster summary diagnostics
            • Collecting histogram diagnostics
            • Collecting user activity diagnostics
            • Statistics gathered for user activity
          • Collecting search data
            • Collecting slow search queries
            • Collecting Apache Solr performance statistics
            • Collecting cache statistics
            • Collecting index statistics
            • Collecting handler statistics
            • Collecting request handler metrics
          • Monitoring Spark with Spark Performance Objects
          • Diagnostic table reference
          • Solr diagnostic table reference
            • Frequently asked questions
            • Slow sub-query log for search
            • Indexing error log
            • Query latency snapshot
            • Update latency snapshot
            • Commit latency snapshot
            • Merge latency snapshot
            • Filter cache statistics
            • Query result cache statistics
            • Index statistics
            • Update handler statistics
            • Update request handler statistics
            • Search request handler statistics
      • DSE In-Memory
        • Creating or altering tables to use DSE In-Memory
        • Verifying table properties
        • Managing memory
        • Backing up and restoring data
      • DSE Tiered Storage
        • About DSE Tiered Storage
        • Configuring DSE Tiered Storage
        • Testing configurations
      • DSE Multi-Instance
        • About DSE Multi-Instance
        • DSE Multi-Instance architecture
        • Adding nodes to DSE Multi-Instance
        • DSE Multi-Instance commands
    • Securing
      • Security FAQ
      • Security checklists
      • Securing the environment
        • Securing ports
        • Securing the TMP directory
      • Authentication and authorization
        • Configuring authentication and authorization
          • About DSE Unified Authentication
            • Steps for new deployment
            • Steps for production environments
          • Configuring security keyspaces
          • Setting up Kerberos
            • Kerberos guidelines
            • Enabling JCE Unlimited
              • Removing AES-256
            • Preparing DSE nodes for Kerberos
              • DNS and NTP
              • krb5.conf
              • Principal
              • Keytab
          • Enabling authentication and authorization
            • Defining a Kerberos scheme
            • Defining an LDAP scheme
          • Configuring JMX authentication
          • Configuring cache settings
          • Securing schema information
        • Managing database access
          • About RBAC
          • Setting up logins and users
            • Adding a superuser login
            • Adding database users
            • LDAP users and groups
              • LDAP logins
              • LDAP groups
            • Kerberos principal logins
            • Setting up roles for applications
            • Binding a role to an authentication scheme
          • Assigning permissions
            • Database object permissions
              • Data resources
              • Functions and aggregate resources
              • Search indexes
              • Roles
              • Proxy login and execute
              • Authentication schemes
              • DSE Utilities (MBeans)
              • Analytic applications
              • Remote procedure calls
            • Separation of duties
            • Keyspaces and tables
            • Row Level Access Control (RLAC)
            • Search index permissions
            • DataStax Graph keyspace
            • Spark application permissions
            • DataStax Studio permissions
            • Remote procedure calls
            • DSE client-tool spark
            • JMX MBean permissions
            • Deny (denylist) db object permission
            • Restricting access to data
        • Providing credentials from DSE tools
          • About clients
          • Internal and LDAP authentication
            • Command line
            • File
            • Environment variables
            • Using CQLSH
          • Kerberos
            • JAAS configuration file location
            • Keytab
            • Ticket Cache
            • Spark jobs
            • SSTableLoader
            • Graph and gremlin-console
            • dsetool
            • CQLSH
          • Nodetool
          • JConsole
      • Auditing database activity
        • Enabling database auditing
        • Capturing DSE Search HTTP requests
        • Log formats
        • View events from DSE audit table
      • Transparent data encryption
        • About Transparent Data Encryption
        • Configuring local encryption
          • Setting up local encryption keys
          • Encrypting configuration file properties
          • Encrypting system resources
          • Encrypting tables
          • Rekeying existing data
          • Using tools with TDE-encrypted SSTables
          • Troubleshooting encryption key errors
        • Configuring KMIP encryption
        • Encrypting Search indexes
          • Encrypting new Search indexes
          • Encrypting existing Search indexes
          • Tuning encrypted Search indexes
        • Migrating encrypted tables from earlier versions
        • Bulk loading data between TDE-enabled clusters
      • Configuring SSL
        • Steps for configuring SSL
        • Creating SSL certificates, keystores, and truststores
          • Remote keystore provider
          • Local keystore files
        • Securing node-to-node connections
        • Securing client-to-node connections
          • Configuring JMX on the server side
          • nodetool, nodesync, dsetool, and Advanced Replication
          • JConsole (JMX)
          • SSTableloader
          • Connecting to SSL-enabled nodes using cqlsh
        • Enabling SSL encryption for DSEFS
        • Reference: SSL instruction variables
      • Securing Spark connections
    • Tooling Resources
      • Stress tools
        • cassandra-stress tool
          • About the cassandra-stress tool
          • Interpret output
          • counter_read
          • counter_write
          • help
          • legacy
          • mixed
          • print
          • read
          • user
          • version
          • write
      • fs-stress tool
      • OpsCenter services
        • Best Practice Service
        • Capacity Service
        • Repair Service
    • DSE Advanced Replication
      • About DSE Advanced Replication
      • Architecture
      • Traffic between the clusters
      • Terminology
      • Getting started
      • Keyspaces
      • Data types
      • Operations
      • CQL queries
      • Metrics
      • Managing invalid messages
      • Managing audit logs
      • Command line tool
        • connection options
        • channel create
        • channel update
        • channel delete
        • channel pause
        • channel resume
        • channel status
        • channel truncate
        • conf list
        • conf remove
        • conf update
        • destination create
        • destination update
        • destination delete
        • destination list
        • destination list-conf
        • destination remove-conf
        • help
        • metrics list
        • replog count
        • replog analyze-audit-log
    • DSE Analytics
      • Setting the replication factor for analytics keyspaces
      • DSE Analytics and Search integration
        • Using predicate push down on search indexes in Spark SQL
      • About DSE Analytics Solo
      • DSEFS (DataStax Enterprise file system)
        • About DSEFS
        • Enabling DSEFS
        • Disabling DSEFS
        • Configuring DSEFS
        • Commands DSEFS
        • DSEFS compression
        • DSEFS authentication
        • DSEFS authorization
        • Using the DSEFS REST interface
        • Programmatic access to DSEFS
        • Hadoop FileSystem interface implemented by DseFileSystem
        • Using JMX to read DSEFS metrics
    • DSE Graph
      • About Graph
      • What’s new
      • Graph QuickStart
      • CQL as Graph
      • Convert CQL to Graph
      • Graph OLTP and OLAP
      • Graph data modeling
        • Data modeling introduction
        • Basic data modeling
        • Data modeling design
        • Advanced data modeling
      • Manage graph
        • Create a graph
        • Exanube a Graph
        • Drop a Graph
      • Manage schema
        • Create a Graph schema
        • Examine a schema
        • Create UDT schema
        • Create collection and tuple schema
        • Create vertex lable schema
        • Create edge lable schema
        • Indexing
        • Create index schema
        • Drop Graph schema
        • Vertex and edge IDs
      • Manage Graph data
        • Data formats
        • Insert data with Graph traversal API
        • DataStax Bulk Loader for Graph
          • Install DataStax Bulk Loader
          • DataStax Bulk Loader Examples
        • Load data with DseGraphFrames
        • Drop graph data
      • Discovering properties
      • Creating queries using traversals
        • Anatomy of a graph traversal
        • Use indexes
        • Use search indexes
        • Simple traversals
        • Geospatial traversals
        • Branching traversals
        • Recursive traversals
        • Path traversals
      • Graph analysis with DSE Analytics
        • DseGraphFrame overview
          • TinkerPop API support in DseGraphFrame
          • Mapping rules for DseGraphFrame
          • DseGraphFrame API reference
        • Export graphs to DSEFS
        • Import graphs
        • Northwind demo graph with Spark OLAP jobs
      • DSE Graph Operations
        • Configuring DSE Graph
          • Specifying DSE database and graph settings
          • Configuring security
        • Graph backup and restore
        • Graph import/export
        • Graph JMX metrics
      • Graph tools
      • Start Gremlin console
      • Graph Reference
        • Graph traversal API
          • addE
          • addV
          • io
          • property
          • with
        • Schema API
          • drop
          • describe
          • edgeLabel
          • type
          • vertexLabel
        • System API
          • Graph
          • GraphClassic
            • config
            • option
          • graphs
          • list
        • TinkerPop traversal API
          • TinkerPop framework
          • TinkerPop general information
          • TinkerPop predicates
            • eq
            • neq
            • lt
            • lte
            • gt
            • gte
            • inside
            • outside
            • between
            • within
            • without
            • Step-modulators
            • as
            • by
            • emit
            • from
            • option
            • times
            • to
            • until
            • Vertex step
            • out
            • in
            • both
            • outE
            • inE
            • bothE
            • outV
            • inV
            • bothV
            • otherV
            • addV
            • addE
            • property
            • mid-traversal V()
            • aggregate
            • and
            • barrier
            • branch
            • cap
            • choose
            • coalesce
            • constant
            • count
            • cyclicPath
            • dedup
            • drop
            • explain
          • fill
          • filter
          • flatMap
          • fold
          • group
          • groupCount
          • has
          • hasId
          • hasKey
          • hasLabel
          • hasNext
          • hasNot
          • hasValue
          • id
          • inject
          • is
          • key
          • label
          • limit
          • local
          • loops
          • map
          • match
          • math
          • max
          • mean
          • min
          • next
          • not
          • optional
          • or
          • order
          • pageRank
          • path
          • peerPressure
          • profile
          • project
          • properties
          • propertyMap
          • range
          • repeat
          • sack
          • sample
          • select
          • sideEffect
          • simplePath
          • skip
          • store
          • subGraph
          • sum
          • tail
          • timeLimit
          • toBulkSet
          • toList
          • toSet
          • tree
          • unfold
          • union
          • value
          • valueMap
          • values
          • where
        • DataStax Graph data types
        • Graph storage in Cassandra keyspace and table
    • DSE Search
      • About Search
        • Solr OSS differences
        • Unsupported search features
        • Solr Lucene limitations
      • Configuring Search
      • Search Reference
      • Search index configuration
      • Search index schema
      • Search config.yaml options
      • Adding/viewing index resources
      • Initial data migration
      • Shard routing for distributed queries
      • Deleting Solr data
      • Verifying index status
      • Backing up search indexes
      • Restoring a search node
      • Metrics (MBEANS)
      • Uploading custom index resources
      • Solr admin UI configuration
      • Configuring Solr connector port
      • reqPerm Solr admin UI
      • Changing Tomcat settings
      • Configuring Solr library path
      • Using the Solr HTTP API
      • Configuring HTTP for AJP
      • aboutUpdateRequestProcessorAndFieldTransformer
      • Field Input/Output Transformer (FIT) API
      • FIT class examples
      • Custom URP example
      • Interface custom field types
      • Deleting by query - best practice
      • Monitoring segments
      • Solr clients
      • Tutorials and demos
        • Creating a healthcare keyspace for tutorials
        • Multi-faceted search using healthcare data
        • Term and phrase searches using the wikipedia demo
        • Using secure cluster
        • Indexing and querying polygons
    • DSE Spark
      • About Spark
      • Using Spark with DataStax Enterprise
        • Starting Spark
        • Running Spark commands against a remote cluster
        • Accessing database data from Spark
          • Using the Spark session
          • Using the Spark context
          • Controlling automatic direct join optimizations in queries
          • Accessing the Spark session and context for applications running outside of DSE Analytics
          • Saving RDD data to DSE
          • Spark supported types
          • Loading external HDFS data into the database using Spark
        • Monitoring Spark with the web interface
        • Getting started with the Spark Cassandra Connector
        • Using DSE Spark with third party tools and integrations
      • Configuring Spark nodes
        • Automatic Spark Master election
        • Configuring Spark logging options
        • Running Spark processes as separate users
        • Configuring the Spark history server
        • Setting Spark Cassandra Connector-specific properties
        • Creating a DSE Analytics Solo datacenter
        • Spark JVMs and memory management
      • Using Spark modules with DataStax Enterprise
        • Getting started with Spark Streaming
          • Creating a Spark Structured Streaming sink using DSE
        • Using Spark SQL to query data
          • Querying database data using Spark SQL in Scala
          • Querying database data using Spark SQL in Java
          • Querying DSE Graph vertices and edges with Spark SQL
          • Using Spark predicate push down in Spark SQL queries
          • Supported syntax of Spark SQL
          • Inserting data into tables with static columns using Spark SQL
          • Running HiveQL queries using Spark SQL
          • Using the DataFrames API
          • Using the Spark SQL Thriftserver
        • Using SparkR with DataStax Enterprise
      • Using AlwaysOn SQL service
        • Enabling SSL for AlwaysOn SQL
        • Using authentication with AlwaysOn SQL
        • Simba JDBC Driver for Apache Spark
        • Simba ODBC Driver for Apache Spark
        • Connecting to AlwaysOn SQL server using Beeline
      • Accessing DataStax Enterprise data from external Spark clusters
        • Overview of BYOS support in DataStax Enterprise
        • Generating the BYOS configuration file
        • Connecting to DataStax Enterprise using the Spark shell on an external Spark cluster
        • Generating Spark SQL schema files
        • Starting Spark SQL Thrift Server with Kerberos
      • Using the Spark Jobserver
      • Spark examples
        • Portfolio Manager demo using Spark
        • Running the Weather Sensor demo
        • Running the Wikipedia demo with SearchAnalytics
        • Running the Spark MLlib demo application
        • Running the http_receiver demo
        • Using DSE geometric types in Spark
        • Importing a text file into a table
        • Running spark-submit job with internal authentication
      • DSE Spark Connector API documentation
  • DataStax Enterprise 6.8 Documentation
  • Planning
  • Initializing single-token architecture datacenters

Initializing single-token architecture datacenters

Follow these steps only when not using virtual nodes (vnodes).

In most circumstances, each workload type, such as search, analytics, and transactional, should be organized into separate virtual datacenters. Workload segregation avoids contention for resources. However, workloads can be combined in SearchAnalytics nodes when there is not a large demand for analytics, or when analytics queries must use a DSE Search index. Generally, combining transactional (OLTP) and analytics (OLAP) workloads results in decreased performance.

When creating a keyspace using CQL, DataStax Enterprise creates a virtual datacenter for a cluster, even a one-node cluster, automatically. You assign nodes that run the same type of workload to the same datacenter. The separate, virtual datacenters for different types of nodes segregate workloads that run DSE Search from those nodes that run other workload types.

Prerequisites

Complete the tasks outlined in Initializing a DataStax Enterprise cluster to prepare the environment.

Procedure

These steps provide information about setting up a cluster having one or more datacenters.

  1. Suppose you install DataStax Enterprise on these nodes:

    • node0 10.168.66.41 (seed1)

    • node1 10.176.43.66

    • node2 10.168.247.41

    • node3 10.176.170.59 (seed2)

    • node4 10.169.61.170

    • node5 10.169.30.138

  2. Calculate the token assignments as described in Calculating tokens for single-token architecture nodes.

    The following tables list tokens for a 6 node cluster with a single datacenter or two datacenters.

    Table 1. Single Datacenter
    Node Token

    node0

    0

    node1

    21267647932558653966460912964485513216

    node2

    42535295865117307932921825928971026432

    node3

    63802943797675961899382738893456539648

    node4

    85070591730234615865843651857942052864

    node5

    106338239662793269832304564822427566080

    Table 2. Multiple Datacenters
    Node Token Offset Datacenter

    node0

    0

    NA

    DC1

    node1

    56713727820156410577229101238628035242

    NA

    DC1

    node2

    113427455640312821154458202477256070485

    NA

    DC1

    node3

    100

    100

    DC2

    node4

    56713727820156410577229101238628035342

    100

    DC2

    node5

    113427455640312821154458202477256070585

    100

    DC2

  3. If the nodes are behind a firewall, open the required ports for internal/external communication.

  4. If DataStax Enterprise is running, stop the node and clear the data:

    • Package installations: To stop DSE:

      sudo service dse stop

      To remove data from the default directories:

      sudo rm -rf /var/lib/cassandra/*
    • Tarball installations:

      From the installation location, stop the database:

      bin/dse cassandra-stop

      Remove all data:

      cd </var/lib/cassandra/data> &&
      sudo rm -rf data/* commitlog/* saved_caches/* hints/*
  5. Configure properties in cassandra.yaml on each new node, following the configuration of the other nodes in the cluster.

Use the yaml_diff tool to review and make appropriate changes to the cassandra.yaml and dse.yaml configuration files.

  1. Configure node properties.

    • initial_token: token_value_from_calculation

    • num_tokens: 1

    • -seeds: <internal_IP_address> of each seed node

      Include at least one seed node from each datacenter. DataStax recommends more than one seed node per datacenter. Do not make all nodes seed nodes.

    • listen_address: <empty>

      If not set, DSE asks the system for the local address, which is associated with its host name. In some cases, DSE does not produce the correct address, which requires specifying the listen_address.

    • auto_bootstrap: <false>

      Add the bootstrap setting only when initializing a new cluster with no data.

    • endpoint_snitch: <snitch>

      See endpoint_snitch and snitches.

      Do not use the DseSimpleSnitch. The DseSimpleSnitch (default) is used only for single-datacenter deployments (or single-zone deployments in public clouds), and does not recognize datacenter or rack information.

      Snitch Configuration file

      GossipingPropertyFileSnitch

      cassandra-rackdc.properties file

      Configuring the Amazon EC2 single-region snitch

      Configuring Amazon EC2 multi-region snitch

      Configuring the Google Cloud Platform snitch

      PropertyFileSnitch

      cassandra-topology.properties file

    • If using a cassandra.yaml or dse.yaml file from a previous version, check the Upgrade Guide for removed settings.

      1. Set the properties in the dse.yaml file as required by your use case.

      2. In the cassandra-rackdc.properties (GossipingPropertyFileSnitch) or cassandra-topology.properties (PropertyFileSnitch) file, assign datacenter and rack names to the IP addresses of each node, and assign a default datacenter name and rack name for unknown nodes.

        Migration information: The GossipingPropertyFileSnitch always loads cassandra-topology.properties when the file is present. Remove the file from each node on any new datacenter, or any datacenter migrated from the PropertyFileSnitch.

        # Transactional Node IP=Datacenter:Rack
        110.82.155.0=DC_Transactional:RAC1
        110.82.155.1=DC_Transactional:RAC1
        110.54.125.1=DC_Transactional:RAC2
        110.54.125.2=DC_Analytics:RAC1
        110.54.155.2=DC_Analytics:RAC2
        110.82.155.3=DC_Analytics:RAC1
        110.54.125.3=DC_Search:RAC1
        110.82.155.4=DC_Search:RAC2
        
        # default for unknown nodes
        default=DC1:RAC1

        After making any changes in the configuration files, you must the restart the node for the changes to take effect.

      3. After you have installed and configured DataStax Enterprise on all nodes, start the nodes sequentially, beginning with the seed nodes. After starting each node, allow a delay of at least the value specified in ring_delay_ms before starting the next node, to prevent a cluster imbalance.

        Before starting a node, ensure that the previous node is up and running by verifying that it has a nodetool status of UN. Failing to do so will result in cluster imbalance that cannot be fixed later. Cluster imbalance can be visualised by running nodetool status $keyspace and by looking at the ownership column. A properly setup cluster will report ownership values similar to each other (±1%). That is, for keyspaces where the RF per DC is equal to allocate_tokens_for_local_replication_factor.

        See allocate_tokens_for_local_replication_factor for more infomation:

        • Package installations: Starting DataStax Enterprise as a service

        • Tarball installations: Starting DataStax Enterprise as a stand-alone process

      4. Check that the new cluster is up and running:

        dsetool status

        If DSE has problems starting, look for starting DSE troubleshooting and other articles in the Support Knowledge Center.

Results

Datacenter: Cassandra
=======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
-- Address         Load        Tokens    Owns    Host ID             Rack
UN 110.82.155.0    21.33 KB    256       33.3%   a9fa31c7-f3c0-...   RAC1
UN 110.82.155.1    21.33 KB    256       33.3%   f5bb416c-db51-...   RAC1
UN 110.82.155.2    21.33 KB    256       16.7%   b836748f-c94f-...   RAC1
Calculating tokens for single-token architecture nodes

When not using vnodes, use these steps to calculate tokens to evenly distribute data across a cluster.

Use cases for listen address Calculating tokens for single-token architecture nodes

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