Find and delete a document (Python)

Finds a single document in a collection using filter and sort clauses, and then deletes that document.

This method and the method to delete a document have the same database effect but differ in their return value. This method returns the document that was found and deleted. The method to delete a document returns details about the success of the deletion.

Ready to write code? See the examples for this method to get started. If you are new to the Data API, check out the quickstart.

Result

Deletes a document that matches the specified parameters, and returns a dictionary representation of the document. If no document was found, returns None.

The fields included in the returned document depend on the projection specified in the method.

Example response:

{'_id': 101, 'name': 'John Doe'}

Parameters

Use the find_one_and_delete method, which belongs to the astrapy.Collection class.

Method signature 
find_one_and_delete(
  filter: Dict[str, Any],
  *,
  projection: Dict[str, bool],
  sort: Dict[str, Any],
  general_method_timeout_ms: int,
  request_timeout_ms: int,
  timeout_ms: int,
) -> Dict[str, Any]
Name Type Summary

filter

Dict[str, Any]

Optional. An object that defines filter criteria using the Data API filter syntax. The method only finds documents that match the filter criteria. Filters can improve performance by reducing the number of documents that the Data API processes.

You must use & to escape any . or & in field names in the filter clause. You cannot use & to escape any other characters. For more information, see Work with . and & in field names (Python).

For a list of available filter operators and more examples, see Filter operators for collections (Python).

Filters can use only indexed fields. If you apply selective indexing when you create a collection, you cannot reference non-indexed fields in a filter.

For an example, see Delete a document that matches a filter.

projection

Dict[str, bool]

Optional. Controls which fields are included or excluded in the returned document.

You must use & to escape any . or & in field names in the projection clause. You cannot use & to escape any other characters. For more information, see Work with . and & in field names (Python).

For more information, see Projections for collections (Python).

Default: The default projection for the collection. All fields prefixed with $ are excluded by default and will only be returned if you include them in the projection. _id is included by default and will always be returned unless you exclude it from the projection.

For examples, see Include only specific fields in the response and Exclude specific fields from the response.

sort

Dict[str, Any]

Optional. Sorts documents by one or more fields, or performs a vector search.

You must use & to escape any . or & in field names in the sort clause. You cannot use & to escape any other characters. For more information, see Work with . and & in field names (Python).

For more information, see Sort clauses for collections (Python).

Sort clauses can use only indexed fields. If you apply selective indexing when you create a collection, you cannot reference non-indexed fields in sort queries.

For vector searches, this parameter can use $vector.

For examples, see Delete a document after applying a non-vector sort and Delete a document that is most similar to a search vector.

general_method_timeout_ms

int

Optional. The maximum time, in milliseconds, that the client should wait for the underlying HTTP request.

Default: The default value for the collection. This default is 30 seconds unless you specified a different default when you initialized the Collection or DataAPIClient object. For more information, see Timeout options.

request_timeout_ms

int

Optional. An alias for general_method_timeout_ms. Since this method issues a single HTTP request, general_method_timeout_ms and request_timeout_ms are equivalent.

timeout_ms

int

Optional. An alias for general_method_timeout_ms.

Examples

The following examples demonstrate how to delete a document in a collection.

Delete a document by ID

All documents have a unique _id property. You can use a filter to find a document with a specific _id, and then delete that document.

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Delete a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete({"_id": "101"})

print(result)

Delete a document that matches a filter

You can use a filter to find a document that matches specific criteria. For example, you can find a document with an is_checked_out value of false and a number_of_pages value less than 300.

For a list of available filter operators and more examples, see Filter operators for collections (Python).

Filters can use only indexed fields. If you apply selective indexing when you create a collection, you cannot reference non-indexed fields in a filter.

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Delete a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete(
    {
        "$and": [
            {"is_checked_out": False},
            {"number_of_pages": {"$lt": 300}},
        ]
    }
)

print(result)

Delete a document that is most similar to a search vector

To find the document whose $vector value is most similar to a given vector, use a sort with the vector embeddings that you want to match. For more information, see Find data with vector search.

Vector search is only available for vector-enabled collections. For more information, see Create a collection that can store vector embeddings and $vector in collections (Python).

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Delete a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete(
    {}, sort={"$vector": [0.08, -0.62, 0.39]}
)

print(result)

Delete a document based on lexicographical matching

Lexicographical matching is currently in public preview. Development is ongoing, and the features and functionality are subject to change. Hyper-Converged Database (HCD), and the use of such, is subject to the DataStax Preview Terms.

There are two ways to use lexicographical matching to find documents with the Data API:

You can use these strategies together or separately.

You can only use lexicographical matching on collections that have lexical enabled. For more information, see Create a collection that supports lexicographical matching.

Documents must have the $lexical field populated to be included in lexicographical matching. For examples, see Insert a document for retrieval with lexicographical matching and Insert documents for retrieval with lexicographical matching.

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Find and delete a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete(
    {"$lexical": {"$match": "tree hill"}},
    sort={"$lexical": "tree hill grassy"},
)

print(result)

Delete a document after applying a non-vector sort

You can use a sort clause to sort documents by one or more fields.

For more information, see Sort clauses for collections (Python).

Sort clauses can use only indexed fields. If you apply selective indexing when you create a collection, you cannot reference non-indexed fields in sort queries.

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment, SortMode

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Find a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete(
    {"metadata.language": "English"},
    sort={
        "rating": SortMode.ASCENDING,
        "title": SortMode.DESCENDING,
    },
)

print(result)

Include only specific fields in the response

To specify which fields to include or exclude in the returned document, use a projection.

All fields prefixed with $ are excluded by default and will only be returned if you include them in the projection. _id is included by default and will always be returned unless you exclude it from the projection.

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Find a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete(
    {"metadata.language": "English"},
    projection={"is_checked_out": True, "title": True},
)

print(result)

Exclude specific fields from the response

To specify which fields to include or exclude in the returned document, use a projection.

All fields prefixed with $ are excluded by default and will only be returned if you include them in the projection. _id is included by default and will always be returned unless you exclude it from the projection.

The following example uses untyped documents or rows, but you can define a client-side type for your collection to help statically catch errors. For examples, see Typing support.

from astrapy import DataAPIClient
from astrapy.authentication import UsernamePasswordTokenProvider
from astrapy.constants import Environment

# Get an existing collection
client = DataAPIClient(environment=Environment.HCD)
database = client.get_database(
    "API_ENDPOINT",
    token=UsernamePasswordTokenProvider("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"),
    keyspace="KEYSPACE_NAME",
)
collection = database.get_collection("COLLECTION_NAME")

# Find a document
result = collection.find_one_and_delete(
    {"metadata.language": "English"},
    projection={"is_checked_out": False, "title": False},
)

print(result)

Client reference

For more information, see the client reference.

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