Apache Spark™ JVMs and memory management
Spark jobs running on DataStax Enterprise are divided among several different JVM processes, each with different memory requirements.
DataStax Enterprise and Spark Master JVMs
The Spark Master runs in the same process as DataStax Enterprise, but its memory usage is negligible.
The only way Spark could cause an OutOfMemoryError
in DataStax Enterprise is indirectly by executing queries that fill the client request queue.
For example, if it ran a query with a high limit and paging was disabled or it used a very large batch to update or insert data in a table.
This is controlled by MAX_HEAP_SIZE
in cassandra-env.sh
.
If you see an OutOfMemoryError
in system.log
, you should treat it as a standard OutOfMemoryError
and follow the usual troubleshooting steps.
Where is the cassandra-env.sh
file?
The location of the cassandra-env.sh
file depends on the type of installation:
Installation Type | Location |
---|---|
Package installations + Installer-Services installations |
|
Tarball installations + Installer-No Services installations |
|
Spark executor JVMs
The Spark executor is where Spark performs transformations and actions on the RDDs and is usually where a Spark-related OutOfMemoryError
would occur.
An OutOfMemoryError
in an executor will show up in the stderr
log for the currently executing application (usually in /var/lib/spark
).
There are several configuration settings that control executor memory and they interact in complicated ways.
-
SPARK_WORKER_MEMORY
inspark-env.sh
is the maximum amount of memory to give all executors for all applications running on a particular node.Where is the
spark-env.sh
file?The default location of the
spark-env.sh
file depends on the type of installation:Installation Type Location Package installations + Installer-Services installations
/etc/dse/spark/spark-env.sh
Tarball installations + Installer-No Services installations
<installation_location>/resources/spark/conf/spark-env.sh
-
initial_spark_worker_resources
indse.yaml
is used to automatically calculateSPARK_WORKER_MEMORY
if it is commented out (as it is by default). It uses the following formula:initial_spark_worker_resources * (total system memory - memory assigned to DataStax Enterprise)
Where is the
dse.yaml
file?The location of the
dse.yaml
file depends on the type of installation:Installation Type Location Package installations + Installer-Services installations
/etc/dse/dse.yaml
Tarball installations + Installer-No Services installations
<installation_location>/resources/dse/conf/dse.yaml
-
spark.executor.memory
is a system property that controls how much executor memory a specific application gets. It must be less than or equal toSPARK_WORKER_MEMORY
. It can be specified in the constructor for theSparkContext
in the driver application, or via--conf spark.executor.memory
or--executor-memory
command line options when submitting the job usingspark-submit
.
The client driver JVM
The driver is the client program for the Spark job.
Normally it shouldn’t need very large amounts of memory because most of the data should be processed within the executor.
If it does need more than a few gigabytes, your application may be using an anti-pattern like pulling all of the data in an RDD into a local data structure by using collect
or take
.
Generally you should never use collect
in production code and if you use take
, you should be only taking a few records.
If the driver runs out of memory, you will see the OutOfMemoryError
in the driver stderr
or wherever it’s been configured to log.
This is controlled one of two places:
-
SPARK_DRIVER_MEMORY
inspark-env.sh
-
spark.driver.memory
system property which can be specified via--conf spark.driver.memory
or--driver-memory
command line options when submitting the job usingspark-submit
. This cannot be specified in theSparkContext
constructor because by that point, the driver has already started.
Spark worker JVMs
The worker is a watchdog process that spawns the executor, and should never need its heap size increased.
The worker’s heap size is controlled by SPARK_DAEMON_MEMORY
in spark-env.sh
.
SPARK_DAEMON_MEMORY
also affects the heap size of the Spark SQL thrift server.